Ilm

Fiqh is not merely about memorising Masaail. It is about understanding how Islamic law functions, how a case is visualised (Surat al-masʾalah), and how the same principles are applied to real-life and modern situations, including muʿamalat such as buying, selling, contracts, and finance. From the very beginning, a student must study with structure, depth, and long-term vision. From the start of every book, a student must be grounded in fundamentals: •Know the name of the book, the author, when they lived, and which major scholars lived in their era •Study the introduction carefully, as it often explains the formation of the madhhab and the author’s manhaj •Understand how the book works, its structure, and how its shuruh (commentaries) and Hawashi (marginal notes) function •Remember that every fiqh book is unique and has its own method A teacher should relate rulings to day-to-day masaaʾil, train students to picture the masʾalah clearly, and show how the same legal principles apply in the modern world. The student, in turn, should: •Make notes in the book and in a separate notebook •Type notes properly for revision •Think to yourself that one day they will teach this book •Discuss regularly with classmates •Write down anything unclear and research it later •Memorise masaaʾil, whilst giving greater importance to understanding fiqh •Use mind maps, summaries, and constant revision Building these skills early makes advanced fiqh far easier later on. Foundational Fiqh Texts These books teach the actual rulings of Hanafi fiqh in worship, transactions, marriage, and other areas, without lengthy debate. This stage gives the student a clear overall picture of the madhhab. •Mukhtasar al-Quduri One of the earliest and most reliable summaries of Hanafi law. It forms the backbone of Hanafi fiqh study and must be studied with a Sharah. Contemporary works, such as those by Shaykh Salah Abu al-Haj (Jordan), are very beneficial. •Kanz al-Daqa’iq A concise but very dense manual. The wording can be difficult, but it represents authoritative Hanafi positions. It should be studied with: •Tabyeen al-Haqa’iq •Al-Bahr al-Raaiq •Al-Hidayah A central Hanafi text studied at an advanced level. It explains rulings with reasoning and marks a major step in fiqh maturity. It is studied with: •Al-Inayah •Al-Binayah Evidences of the Madhhab (Adillat al-Madhhab) After studying the rulings, the student should move to works that explain why Hanafi rulings are held, engaging with legal reasoning. •Fath al-Qadir – A deep analytical commentary on Al-Hidayah •Al-Ikhtiyar li Ta‘lil al-Mukhtar •The works of Imam al-Tahawi •I‘laa al-Sunan This stage trains the student to think like a faqih, not merely quote rulings. These works focus on tracing the hadith used in Hanafi fiqh and assessing their chains, strength, and meanings. •Nasb al-Rayah •Al-Dirayah Comparative Fiqh (Understanding Differences) To develop balance and depth, the student studies comparative fiqh and scholarly disagreement. •Al-Mabsut •Bada’i al-Sana’i •Mukhtasar Ikhtilaf al-Ulama This builds fiqh maturity and respect for other madhahib. Legal Terminology & Fiqh Maxims These works help the student understand technical legal language used by jurists. •Talabat al-Talabah •Anis al-Fuqaha Without this, many advanced fiqh texts remain difficult. A student will progress in stages: Learn the rulings, Understand the reasoning, Study the hadith evidence and Examine scholarly differences. This structured path preserves clarity, depth, and respect for the scholarly tradition. Fiqh is not rushed; it is built slowly, sincerely, and methodically and this is how fuqaha are formed.

Before engaging with detailed rulings, differences of opinion, and applied masaail, a clear understanding of how Islamic jurisprudence developed is essential. This foundation shapes correct thinking, prevents confusion, and nurtures respect for scholarly disagreement. The introduction to Fiqh is not supplementary; rather, it should be treated as a core subject. Without it, Fiqh is reduced to memorisation of rulings, detached from its sources, principles, and scholarly legacy. Foundational Areas That Should Be Studied First At the outset, a general overview of Fiqh should be covered. This includes an understanding of what Fiqh is and how rulings are derived. The historical stages of Fiqh should then be studied in sequence, beginning from the time of the Prophet ﷺ. The era of the Prophet ﷺ should be studied to understand how rulings were revealed, how questions were asked, how incidents shaped legislation, and how the Qur’an and Sunnah functioned as living guidance. This establishes the original framework of law. Following this, the era of the Sahabah must be studied in detail. This includes: •How the Companions derived rulings •Which sources were relied upon •When reasoning was used •How consultation and consensus developed •Which Sahabah were known for issuing fatawa It should also be studied how Islam spread to other lands and how major Companions settled in regions such as Makkah, Madinah, Kufah, Basrah, and Sham, laying the foundations for regional juristic schools. The Era of the Tabi’un and the Growth of Fiqh The era of the Tabi’un should be studied as a key stage in the expansion and organisation of Fiqh. During this time, the number of jurists increased, new issues arose, and legal reasoning became more structured. It is important to study: •The major scholars of this era •How knowledge was transmitted •Why different regions developed different legal approaches The distinction between Makkah, Madinah and Iraq as centres of transmitted knowledge and juristic reasoning should be clearly understood. The impact of social change and internal political developments on legal questions should also be recognised. Methodology: Ijtihad, Qiyas, and the Reasons Behind Rulings Before studying advanced Fiqh, key concepts must be clearly defined and understood. This includes: •Ijtihad and who is qualified to perform it •Qiyas and its role in deriving rulings •Ijma and its authority •The nature of fatwa and judicial rulings The reasons behind rulings should be studied, not merely the rulings themselves. This develops depth, balance, and proper understanding of scholarly differences. The Beginning of the 4 Madhahib A structured study of the formation of the 4 madhahib is essential. This includes: •The lives and scholarly rank of the 4 Imams •Their teachers and students •How their legal methods developed •How their schools were preserved and refined It should also be understood that within each madhhab there are at times multiple opinions, and that later scholars played a major role in clarification, preference, and codification. Fiqh Literature and Authoritative Texts It is necessary to study when Fiqh books were written, in which eras, and for what purposes. The development of: •Early fiqh manuals •Commentaries •Super-commentaries •Contemporary teaching texts should be understood as part of a continuous scholarly tradition. The chains of transmission in Fiqh, should be studied to appreciate how knowledge was preserved and conveyed within each madhhab. Recommended Introductory Works Before or alongside applied Fiqh texts, the following introductory works are beneficial: ‎ • تاريخ الفقه الإسلامي – محمد علي السايس ‎ • مدخل لدراسة المذهب الحنفي – علي عثمان ‎ • المدخل الفقهي العام – مصطفى أحمد الزرقا ‎ • المدخل المفصل – صلاح محمد أبو الحاج ‎ • الفتح المبين في تعريف مصطلحات الفقهاء والأصوليين – الحفناوي The introduction to Fiqh must be taught systematically. It builds clarity, protects against misinterpretation, and instils respect for the scholarly heritage of the Ummah. When this foundation is sound, the study of Fiqh becomes meaningful, balanced, and deeply rooted in the tradition of the scholars.

Balagha is an essential subject for students of Arabic. While Nahw and Sarf teach you how a sentence is formed, Balagha teaches you why a certain expression is used, what meaning it carries, and how context changes the strength and beauty of words. It opens up a deeper understanding of the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical Arabic speech. This subject is studied in stages. You begin with simple concepts, then gradually go deeper into how meanings are conveyed, emphasised, restricted, or beautified. With time, you start noticing things in the Qur’an that you never noticed before, why one word was chosen over another, why a sentence was structured in a particular way, and how powerful meanings are delivered with few words. There are many examples, especially from the Qur’an, where these principles appear in their most perfect form. Classical books of Balagha regularly highlight such examples, showing how meanings are emphasised, restricted, clarified, or beautified through wording and structure. As a student progresses, these patterns become noticeable not only in sacred texts but also in classical and spoken Arabic. This develops a strong linguistic taste and gradually sharpens both understanding and expression, making one’s speech and writing clearer, stronger, and more precise. Books to Study Balagha by Level Beginner level: ‎ • دروس البلاغة ‎ • البلاغة الميسرة ‎ • منظومة ابن الشِّحْنَة ‎ • البلاغة الواضحة Intermediate level: ‎ • علوم البلاغة ‎ • جواهر البلاغة Advanced level: ‎ • عقود الجُمان في المعاني والبيان – السيوطي or its original work: تلخيص المفتاح – جلال الدين القزويني (with memorisation and understanding) ‎ • البلاغة: فنونها وأفنانها – فضل عباس Quba Academy https://t.me/QubaAcademy

Whether you are studying a book as part of an Alimiyyah programme, preparing for an exam, studying a subject independently, or simply reading to increase your knowledge, learning how to read properly is essential. A book should not be approached simply with the goal of reaching the final page. True benefit comes from reading with purpose, concentration and reflection, understanding the author’s points, making useful notes, reviewing what you have learnt, and being able to recall and explain it later. This is especially important when studying Islamic texts. The aim is not merely to say, “I have finished this book,” but to understand the subject, retain the knowledge and build a strong foundation for further study. 1. Know Your Purpose Before opening a book, ask yourself: Why am I reading this? Are you reading to gain general knowledge, research a particular topic, prepare for an exam, or study a subject in depth? Your purpose determines how you should approach the book. A book being studied for an Alimiyyah class requires a different approach from a book being read casually. 2. Quality Over Quantity Do not make the number of books you finish your main goal. What matters is what you understood, remembered and benefited from. Reading ten books quickly without retaining their main points may be less beneficial than studying one important book properly. Shaykh Amir Bahjat of Madinah Munawwarah would mention the valuable principle that reading one book three times is better than reading three books once. The point is not that reading widely is unimportant, but that depth, understanding and revision are essential. Returning to the same book allows you to understand points you may have missed the first time, strengthen what you have learnt, connect different ideas and notice details that only become apparent through repeated reading. Do not be in a rush simply to “finish the book”. A book that you have read carefully, understood and revisited can benefit you far more than several books that you have merely passed through. The goal is not simply to say, “I have read this book,” but to be able to explain what it taught you, recall its important points and benefit from its knowledge. 3. Match Your Reading Pace to the Book Not every book should be read at the same speed. Some books require slow and careful reading, particularly classical texts, difficult academic works and books containing detailed arguments. Other books can be read more quickly to gain a general overview or discover new ideas. Learn to recognise how much attention each book deserves. 4. Choose Your Golden Hour Choose a time when your mind is fresh and your concentration is strongest. For some, this may be early morning; for others, another quiet part of the day. Try to read when you are mentally alert rather than exhausted. A short period of focused reading is often more beneficial than a long session while tired and distracted. 5. Know the Author and the Book Before beginning detailed reading, learn about the author. Find out their full name, when and where they lived, their teachers, students, areas of expertise and position within their field. Read a brief biography if one is available. For students of Islamic knowledge, this is particularly important. Knowing the background of an author can help you understand their terminology, methodology and the context in which the book was written. It is also useful to know why the book was written, who it was written for, and what other works the author produced. If the book is a commentary, find out which original text it is explaining and learn something about the original author as well. Before starting the detailed study, look through the introduction, contents page and chapter headings. Get an idea of how the author has organised the subject and which sections require the greatest attention. This initial preparation gives you a much better framework before you begin the detailed study of the book. 6. Remove Distractions Good reading requires concentration. Put your phone away, silence unnecessary notifications and avoid constantly checking messages or social media. If you are studying digitally, close unnecessary apps and tabs. Protect your reading time from interruptions. 7. Be Consistent Reading becomes much easier when it becomes part of your routine. Fix a regular time for reading and try to maintain it. Even if you can only read for twenty or thirty minutes a day, consistency will gradually produce significant results. It is better to read a little every day than to read a large amount occasionally and then stop for weeks. 8. Divide the Book into Manageable Sections Instead of thinking, “I need to finish this entire book,” divide it into smaller sections. Decide what you want to complete during each session. Ideally, each session should give you a complete idea or section, rather than stopping randomly in the middle of an important discussion. 9. Highlight and Take Notes When you come across an important definition, argument, quotation, principle or new idea, mark it. You can use different methods to distinguish important information, questions and points you want to remember. However, avoid highlighting almost everything. If everything is important, nothing stands out. 10. Make Use of the Margins If the book belongs to you, use the margins to write brief comments and reflections. You might write a question, connect an idea to something you previously studied, or record a useful reference. These small notes can make the book much more valuable when you return to it later. 11. Create Mind Maps For books with many interconnected ideas, try creating a one-page mind map. Put the main subject in the centre and connect it to the major themes, arguments and supporting points. This allows you to see the structure of the book at a glance and makes revision much easier. 12. Organise Your Notes Do not allow your notes to become scattered and difficult to find. Organise them according to subject or topic. For example, you could have

Entering the final year of the Dars-e-Nizami is a significant milestone. For many students, this will be the year in which they spend an extended period studying thousands of Ahadith and engaging closely with the blessed words, teachings and practices of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Do not take this opportunity lightly. You may never again have the same opportunity to sit in lessons day after day, with books of Hadith open before you, learning the words of the Prophet ﷺ under the guidance of your teachers. Approach this year with gratitude, humility and a sincere intention. These are not ordinary classes and these are not ordinary books. You are studying the words of the one whom Allah sent as His Messenger. The chains of transmission of these Ahadith go back through generations of scholars and ultimately to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Think about the blessing of being able to spend your days studying what he ﷺ said, did and approved of. It should increase your love for him ﷺ, your respect for his Sunnah and your desire to follow him. Study for Amal, Not Merely for Examinations The purpose of knowledge is not simply to accumulate information or pass examinations. True knowledge should have an effect upon a person’s life. It is not merely what you learn that truly becomes beneficial knowledge; rather, it is the knowledge upon which you act. Therefore, whenever you study a Hadith, ask yourself: What does this teach me? How can I implement it? What should change in my life because I have learnt this? The Ahadith you study will contain guidance concerning Salah, fasting, character, manners, family life, interactions with people, worship, remembrance of Allah, sincerity and countless other aspects of life. Do not allow these teachings to remain only on the pages of a book. Let them shape you. Memorise the Ahadith You Study Alongside your regular studies, make a serious effort to memorise Ahadith. Set yourself a realistic but ambitious target. You may aim to memorise several hundred Ahadith from different chapters, and if Allah grants you the ability, even 1,000 or more. Do not wait until examinations to revise what you have studied. Have daily, weekly and monthly revision built into your routine. What you memorise today should remain with you years from now. Memorisation will also strengthen your ability to teach in the future. Make the intention that one day, by the permission of Allah, you will be able to sit in front of students and teach them the very Ahadith you are studying today. Adab with the Books, Teachers and Lessons Be extremely careful about your adab. Do not become careless or disrespectful in front of the books of Hadith, your teachers or your classmates. Your manners should reflect the honour of the knowledge you are studying. Try to remain in a state of Wudu as much as possible. Begin your day with good intentions, and regularly ask Allah to grant you beneficial knowledge and the ability to act upon it. Every day, take a few moments to thank Allah for this tremendous blessing. Pray two Rak’ahs, make Dua and seek forgiveness for your shortcomings. Ask Allah to overlook your mistakes and to grant you sincerity, understanding and the ability to fulfil the rights of this knowledge. Increase your Salawat upon the Prophet ﷺ, recite the Qur’an regularly, make Istighfar and maintain your daily Adhkar. Many of these very practices will appear repeatedly in the Ahadith you study, so allow your studies to strengthen your own daily routine. Study the Lives of the Sahabah While studying the Ahadith, do not only focus on the words themselves. Think about the people who narrated and lived these teachings. Look at the love the Sahabah had for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Consider how their entire lives revolved around him ﷺ: how they listened to him, followed him, sacrificed for him and implemented his teachings. Think about the early Muslim community: how it developed, the challenges it faced, the responsibilities people carried and the different roles that the Sahabah fulfilled. This will help you understand the Ahadith in their proper context and appreciate the immense sacrifices through which this Deen reached us. Develop an Academic Approach Do not simply write down everything the teacher says. Learn how to take proper academic notes. For example: Hadith: [topic] * Main ruling/lesson * Explanation of the Hadith * Important scholarly opinions * Evidence/references * Difference of opinion * Conclusion * Teacher’s additional explanation Write notes that you will actually be able to understand and use when you return to the book months or years later. Avoid repeatedly writing the same information. If something is already clearly recorded in the book, simply mark it or add a short reference rather than filling pages unnecessarily. Use headings, subheadings, page references and colour coding where helpful. Mark particularly important points that you know you will want to return to. At the beginning of a book, you can even keep a few pages for important references: write the topic and the relevant page number so that you can quickly return to it later. After completing a lesson or topic, try making a mind map or brief summary from memory. Then ask yourself: Could I explain what I have just learnt to someone else? If you cannot explain a topic clearly, that may be a sign that you have not understood it as well as you thought. Learn About the Authors and the Sciences Do not rush straight into the text without understanding the book you are studying. Learn about the author: Who was he? When did he live? Who were his teachers? Who were his students? What was his scholarly background? Why did he write the book? What makes the book important? Likewise, develop a strong understanding of the introduction to Hadith studies, the history of the preservation and transmission of Hadith, and the fundamental principles of Usul Al-Hadith. The more you understand the background, the